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  Natural hazards (2005)Natural hazards (2005)
Afghanistan Afghanistan damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts
Albania Albania destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought
Algeria Algeria mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season
American Samoa American Samoa typhoons common from December to March typhoons common from December to March
Andorra Andorra avalanches avalanches
Angola Angola locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
Anguilla Anguilla frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October) frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
Antarctica Antarctica katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Argentina Argentina San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding
Armenia Armenia occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts
Aruba Aruba lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Ashmore and Cartier Islands surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December) icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December)
Australia Australia cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires
Austria Austria landslides; avalanches; earthquakes landslides; avalanches; earthquakes
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan droughts droughts
Bahamas, The Bahamas, The hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage
Bahrain Bahrain periodic droughts; dust storms periodic droughts; dust storms
Baker Island Baker Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Bangladesh Bangladesh droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season
Barbados Barbados infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides
Bassas da India Bassas da India maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones
Belarus Belarus NA NA
Belgium Belgium flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes
Belize Belize frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south) frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)
Benin Benin hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March
Bermuda Bermuda hurricanes (June to November) hurricanes (June to November)
Bhutan Bhutan violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season
Bolivia Bolivia flooding in the northeast (March-April) flooding in the northeast (March-April)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina destructive earthquakes destructive earthquakes
Botswana Botswana periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
Bouvet Island Bouvet Island NA NA
Brazil Brazil recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south
British Indian Ocean Territory British Indian Ocean Territory NA NA
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October) hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)
Brunei Brunei typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
Bulgaria Bulgaria earthquakes, landslides earthquakes, landslides
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso recurring droughts recurring droughts
Burma Burma destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts
Burundi Burundi flooding, landslides, drought flooding, landslides, drought
Cambodia Cambodia monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Cameroon Cameroon volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes
Canada Canada continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains
Cape Verde Cape Verde prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands hurricanes (July to November) hurricanes (July to November)
Central African Republic Central African Republic hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common
Chad Chad hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Chile Chile severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis
China China frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence
Christmas Island Christmas Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Clipperton Island Clipperton Island NA NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands cyclone season is October to April cyclone season is October to April
Colombia Colombia highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts
Comoros Comoros cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes
Congo, Republic of the Congo, Republic of the seasonal flooding seasonal flooding
Cook Islands Cook Islands typhoons (November to March) typhoons (November to March)
Coral Sea Islands Coral Sea Islands occasional tropical cyclones occasional tropical cyclones
Costa Rica Costa Rica occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes
Cote d'Ivoire Cote d'Ivoire coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Croatia Croatia destructive earthquakes destructive earthquakes
Cuba Cuba the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common
Cyprus Cyprus moderate earthquake activity; droughts moderate earthquake activity; droughts
Czech Republic Czech Republic flooding flooding
Denmark Denmark flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Djibouti Djibouti earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Dominica Dominica flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts
East Timor East Timor floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones
Ecuador Ecuador frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts
Egypt Egypt periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms
El Salvador El Salvador known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea violent windstorms, flash floods violent windstorms, flash floods
Eritrea Eritrea frequent droughts; locust swarms frequent droughts; locust swarms
Estonia Estonia sometimes flooding occurs in the spring sometimes flooding occurs in the spring
Ethiopia Ethiopia geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
Europa Island Europa Island NA NA
European Union European Union flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) strong winds persist throughout the year strong winds persist throughout the year
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands NA NA
Fiji Fiji cyclonic storms can occur from November to January cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
Finland Finland NA NA
France France flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean
French Guiana French Guiana high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding
French Polynesia French Polynesia occasional cyclonic storms in January occasional cyclonic storms in January
French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes
Gabon Gabon NA NA
Gambia, The Gambia, The drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years) drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)
Gaza Strip Gaza Strip droughts droughts
Georgia Georgia earthquakes earthquakes
Germany Germany flooding flooding
Ghana Ghana dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
Gibraltar Gibraltar NA NA
Glorioso Islands Glorioso Islands periodic cyclones periodic cyclones
Greece Greece severe earthquakes severe earthquakes
Greenland Greenland continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island
Grenada Grenada lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere de Guadeloupe is an active volcano hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere de Guadeloupe is an active volcano
Guam Guam frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (June - December) frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (June - December)
Guatemala Guatemala numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms
Guernsey Guernsey NA NA
Guinea Guinea hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires
Guyana Guyana flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons
Haiti Haiti lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Heard Island and McDonald Islands Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island
Holy See (Vatican City) Holy See (Vatican City) NA NA
Honduras Honduras frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast
Hong Kong Hong Kong occasional typhoons occasional typhoons
Howland Island Howland Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Iceland Iceland earthquakes and volcanic activity earthquakes and volcanic activity
India India droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes
Indian Ocean Indian Ocean occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Indonesia Indonesia occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires
Iran Iran periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
Iraq Iraq dust storms, sandstorms, floods dust storms, sandstorms, floods
Ireland Ireland NA NA
Isle of Man Isle of Man NA NA
Israel Israel sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes
Italy Italy regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice
Jamaica Jamaica hurricanes (especially July to November) hurricanes (especially July to November)
Jan Mayen Jan Mayen dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970 dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970
Japan Japan many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons
Jarvis Island Jarvis Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard
Jersey Jersey NA NA
Johnston Atoll Johnston Atoll NA NA
Jordan Jordan droughts; periodic earthquakes droughts; periodic earthquakes
Juan de Nova Island Juan de Nova Island periodic cyclones periodic cyclones
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty
Kenya Kenya recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons
Kingman Reef Kingman Reef wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard
Kiribati Kiribati typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Korea, North Korea, North late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall
Korea, South Korea, South occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest
Kuwait Kuwait sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan NA NA
Laos Laos floods, droughts floods, droughts
Latvia Latvia NA NA
Lebanon Lebanon dust storms, sandstorms dust storms, sandstorms
Lesotho Lesotho periodic droughts periodic droughts
Liberia Liberia dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March) dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)
Libya Libya hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein NA NA
Lithuania Lithuania NA NA
Luxembourg Luxembourg NA NA
Macau Macau typhoons typhoons
Macedonia Macedonia high seismic risks high seismic risks
Madagascar Madagascar periodic cyclones, drought, and locust infestation periodic cyclones, drought, and locust infestation
Malawi Malawi NA NA
Malaysia Malaysia flooding, landslides, forest fires flooding, landslides, forest fires
Maldives Maldives low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise
Mali Mali hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
Malta Malta NA NA
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands infrequent typhoons infrequent typhoons
Martinique Martinique hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years) hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years)
Mauritania Mauritania hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts
Mauritius Mauritius cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Mayotte Mayotte cyclones during rainy season cyclones during rainy season
Mexico Mexico tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts
Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia, Federated States of typhoons (June to December) typhoons (June to December)
Midway Islands Midway Islands NA NA
Moldova Moldova landslides (57 cases in 1998) landslides (57 cases in 1998)
Monaco Monaco NA NA
Mongolia Mongolia dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud," which is harsh winter conditions dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud," which is harsh winter conditions
Montserrat Montserrat severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995) severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995)
Morocco Morocco northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts
Mozambique Mozambique severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces
Namibia Namibia prolonged periods of drought prolonged periods of drought
Nauru Nauru periodic droughts periodic droughts
Navassa Island Navassa Island NA NA
Nepal Nepal severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons
Netherlands Netherlands flooding flooding
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October
New Caledonia New Caledonia cyclones, most frequent from November to March cyclones, most frequent from November to March
New Zealand New Zealand earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity
Nicaragua Nicaragua destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes
Niger Niger recurring droughts recurring droughts
Nigeria Nigeria periodic droughts; flooding periodic droughts; flooding
Niue Niue typhoons typhoons
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island typhoons (especially May to July) typhoons (especially May to July)
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November) active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)
Norway Norway rockslides, avalanches rockslides, avalanches
Oman Oman summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts
Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December
Pakistan Pakistan frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
Palau Palau typhoons (June to December) typhoons (June to December)
Palmyra Atoll Palmyra Atoll NA NA
Panama Panama occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis
Paracel Islands Paracel Islands typhoons typhoons
Paraguay Paraguay local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June) local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)
Peru Peru earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Philippines Philippines astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands typhoons (especially November to March) typhoons (especially November to March)
Poland Poland flooding flooding
Portugal Portugal Azores subject to severe earthquakes Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico periodic droughts; hurricanes periodic droughts; hurricanes
Qatar Qatar haze, dust storms, sandstorms common haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Reunion Reunion periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Romania Romania earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Russia Russia permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia
Rwanda Rwanda periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo
Saint Helena Saint Helena active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis hurricanes (July to October) hurricanes (July to October)
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia hurricanes and volcanic activity hurricanes and volcanic activity
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat
Samoa Samoa occasional typhoons; active volcanism occasional typhoons; active volcanism
San Marino San Marino NA NA
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe NA NA
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia frequent sand and dust storms frequent sand and dust storms
Senegal Senegal lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro destructive earthquakes destructive earthquakes
Seychelles Seychelles lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms
Singapore Singapore NA NA
Slovakia Slovakia NA NA
Slovenia Slovenia flooding and earthquakes flooding and earthquakes
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity
Somalia Somalia recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season
South Africa South Africa prolonged droughts prolonged droughts
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Southern Ocean Southern Ocean huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue
Spain Spain periodic droughts periodic droughts
Spratly Islands Spratly Islands typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka occasional cyclones and tornadoes occasional cyclones and tornadoes
Sudan Sudan dust storms and periodic persistent droughts dust storms and periodic persistent droughts
Suriname Suriname NA NA
Svalbard Svalbard ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Swaziland Swaziland drought drought
Sweden Sweden ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Switzerland Switzerland avalanches, landslides, flash floods avalanches, landslides, flash floods
Syria Syria dust storms, sandstorms dust storms, sandstorms
Taiwan Taiwan earthquakes and typhoons earthquakes and typhoons
Tajikistan Tajikistan earthquakes and floods earthquakes and floods
Tanzania Tanzania flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Thailand Thailand land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts
Togo Togo hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Tokelau Tokelau lies in Pacific typhoon belt lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Tonga Tonga cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Tromelin Island Tromelin Island NA NA
Tunisia Tunisia NA NA
Turkey Turkey very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NA NA
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands frequent hurricanes frequent hurricanes
Tuvalu Tuvalu severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Uganda Uganda NA NA
Ukraine Ukraine NA NA
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates frequent sand and dust storms frequent sand and dust storms
United Kingdom United Kingdom winter windstorms; floods winter windstorms; floods
United States United States tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development
Uruguay Uruguay seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NA NA
Vanuatu Vanuatu tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis
Venezuela Venezuela subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts
Vietnam Vietnam occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta
Virgin Islands Virgin Islands several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes
Wake Island Wake Island occasional typhoons occasional typhoons
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna NA NA
West Bank West Bank droughts droughts
Western Sahara Western Sahara hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
World World large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions) large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)
Yemen Yemen sandstorms and dust storms in summer sandstorms and dust storms in summer
Zambia Zambia periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April) periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April)
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
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